Productive Finance for the Belt and Road Initiative: Reexamining China’s Debt Sustainability Framework
China committed over $1.3 trillion in development finance to the Global South between 2000 and 2021.
Regulation Reports & Market Data (2026)
150 documents
Beyond Kelsen and the Boi Gordo Case: The Pyramid of Responsive Regulation as a New Paradigm for Cryptoactives in the Brazilian Capital Markets
Formal legal subsumption fails to fully address decentralized finance, tokens, and autonomous organizations, requiring criteria based on agent behavior, risk, and proportional state response [p.1].
When Is a Hack a Defense? Custodial Liability, Issuer Freezes and the Public Loss after the Binance Theft of 29 October 2026
On 29 October 2026, about $6.36 billion was taken from Binance's hot wallets across ten blockchains.
Financial Market Contagion and Risk Transmission Across Global Economies
Advanced economies recorded lower vulnerability with a Financial Contagion Index (FCI) of 58 and a Risk Transmission Index (RTI) of 55.
Exchange Warnings and Crypto Prices: Evidence from Monitoring Tags
Binance published 167 monitoring tags across 26 announcements between July 2023 and October 2026, of which 155 were first-time tags.
Technology, Regulation, and the Divergent Trajectories of Retail and Cross-Border Central Bank Digital Currency
A Scopus bibliometric search conducted on 8 October 2026 retrieved 1,418 records, from which 1,045 were retained for critical analysis.
Islamic Financial Technology and Startup Financing
Islamic crowdfunding currently accounts for only 3-5% of total FinTech funding in the Arab Gulf region.
Currency Internationalization and International Financial Centers: Historical Logic, Evolutionary Mechanisms, and Implications for China
In May 2022, the International Monetary Fund increased the RMB's weight in the Special Drawing Rights basket from 10.92% to 12.28%.
Debt maturity and government spending multipliers
Empirical analysis of post-war US data demonstrates that government spending shocks financed with short-term debt yield significantly higher output multipliers than those financed with long-term debt, typically exceeding unity under short-term financing.
The Jurisdiction of Par: Juridical Singleness and the Legal Identity of Stablecoins
Expanding access to Tether's arbitrage mechanism reduced the absolute size of peg deviations by approximately one half.
ECB Perception of Non-Banks: A Machine Learning-Based Approach
The authors construct an index tracking the European Central Bank's perception of non-bank financial intermediaries using 2,830 speeches delivered between July 1998 and June 2024.
Object Types and the Assessment of Value Equivalence in the Disposal of Criminal Virtual Currency
Virtual currency crimes in China reached a scale of RMB 430.7 billion in 2023.
Stablenotes v1 Whitepaper — Owner-Bound Offline Transaction Authorization for Stablecoins and Tokenized Assets
The 29 October 2026 Binance incident resulted in an estimated USD 6.3 billion in unauthorized hot-wallet outflows with initial findings showing no evidence of a private-key leak.
The Asymmetric Attack Surface of Fiat Substitutes: A Measurement Framework and Owner-Bound Offline Custody Architecture
In 2019, Federal Bureau of Investigation data recorded USD 1.424 billion in reported stolen currency and USD 36.981 million recovered relative to USD 1.7598 trillion of U.S. currency in circulation.
Citizen-Majority Tokenized Ownership for MSME Revival in India: The G-CMTO Model Integrating Blockchain, the e-Rupee and the MicroSME–Blockchain Index
India's MSMEs generate 31.1% of GDP and 48.58% of exports, yet face an addressable credit gap of roughly ₹30 lakh crore.
A Critical Analysis of the Legal and Ethical Challenges of Digital Lending Applications in Tanzania: A Doctrinal Analysis with Comparative Reference to Nigeria
Regulators actively enforced rules by blocking sixty-nine unlicensed loan applications in November 2024.
Crypto-Asset Regulation Between Innovation and Normative Frameworks
European Union Regulation (UE) 2023/1114 was enacted on 31 May 2023 to establish the MiCA framework for crypto-asset markets.
Infrastructure Investment and Insurance: Insurers' Role in Financing Long-Term Growth
The EU requires an additional €750–800 billion per year for the green and digital transitions, energy security, and modern infrastructure.
Cryptocurrency Regulation and Monetary Policy Trade-offs in Transition Economies
Transition economies across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Latin America face unique structural macroeconomic challenges, including currency substitution and weak monetary policy transmission.
Evaluating Blockchain Infrastructure for Institutional Finance: A Comparative Assessment of Scalability, Regulatory Compliance, and Financial Market Adoption
Ethereum accounted for $12.3 billion of the $19.08 billion global market for tokenized real-world assets excluding stablecoins in early January 2026.
The 2026 State of Open Source in Financial Services
Financial services contributors generated 1,260,883 commits to public GitHub repositories in 2026, representing a 63% increase year-over-year.
A Graph Neural Network Platform for Blockchain Anti-Money Laundering: A Literature Review and Proposed System Architecture
The Elliptic benchmark dataset contains roughly 204 thousand Bitcoin transactions linked by about 234 thousand payment-flow edges across 49 time steps.
Advancing Digital Banking in Albania: Trust, Financial Literacy and Regulatory Readiness in the FinTech Ecosystem
The empirical study analyzed Albania's digital banking ecosystem using quantitative data from a survey of 151 respondents and qualitative data from 15 semi-structured interviews.
ESG Ratings: Final Regime
The FCA received 90 consultation responses from a wide range of stakeholders following the December 2025 consultation paper.
Diversity as a strength of Europe’s insurance market
The European insurance sector relies on diversity across products, distribution channels, and providers to meet varied consumer and business needs.
Determinants of Insurance Adoption: Regional Disparities in Nigeria
A cross-sectional survey of 615 adults across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones evaluated the determinants of insurance inclusion.
State Policy on Banking Regulation Amid the Development of FinTech Technologies and Growing Digital Risks to National Security
Total Ukrainian banking sector net assets grew by 70.1% from UAH 2,352 billion in 2022 to UAH 4,001 billion in 2025.
The effects of geopolitical risk on sovereign debt holders in the euro area
The Securities Holdings Statistics by Sector (SHSS) dataset provides granular coverage generally above well 90 percent for each euro area country analyzed.
Survey of Professional Forecasters - Fourth Quarter of 2026
Headline inflation expectations were revised upward by 0.3 percentage points to 3.0% for 2026 and by 0.4 percentage points to 2.6% for 2027, while staying unchanged at 2.0% for 2028.
Summary of SPOT Inspections on Communications to Clients in Relation to SCPIs
The AMF conducted a thematic SPOT inspection campaign across 4 investment services providers regarding client communications for SCPI real estate products.