From Digital Transactions to Formal Credit: A Review of FinTech-Enabled MSME Financing in India
The study gathers primary data using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample size of 100 respondents from MSMEs.
International Monetary Fund
Regulator · 29 documents
Key number
roughly $280 billion USD
Global Stablecoin Market Capitalization. OpenAlex (recherche mondiale) p.1
Key number
$1.3 trillion
Global South development finance committed by China (2000-2021). OpenAlex (recherche mondiale) p.2
Key number
75.94% %
Hong Kong share of global offshore RMB payments. OpenAlex (recherche mondiale) p.11
Stablecoin Development Pathways: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Logic and Market Landscape in China and the United States
By mid-2026, the aggregate global stablecoin market capitalization reached roughly $280 billion, with dollar-pegged instruments comprising over 92% of circulating supply.
Improving the Transformation Process of Commercial Banks' Operations
Between 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2026, total banking assets in Uzbekistan grew from UZS 366.1 trillion to UZS 925.0 trillion, achieving a compound annual growth rate of 20.4 percent.
Productive Finance for the Belt and Road Initiative: Reexamining China’s Debt Sustainability Framework
China committed over $1.3 trillion in development finance to the Global South between 2000 and 2021.
Currency Internationalization and International Financial Centers: Historical Logic, Evolutionary Mechanisms, and Implications for China
In May 2022, the International Monetary Fund increased the RMB's weight in the Special Drawing Rights basket from 10.92% to 12.28%.
Cryptocurrency Regulation and Monetary Policy Trade-offs in Transition Economies
Transition economies across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Latin America face unique structural macroeconomic challenges, including currency substitution and weak monetary policy transmission.
Determinants of Insurance Adoption: Regional Disparities in Nigeria
A cross-sectional survey of 615 adults across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones evaluated the determinants of insurance inclusion.
State Policy on Banking Regulation Amid the Development of FinTech Technologies and Growing Digital Risks to National Security
Total Ukrainian banking sector net assets grew by 70.1% from UAH 2,352 billion in 2022 to UAH 4,001 billion in 2025.
The effects of geopolitical risk on sovereign debt holders in the euro area
The Securities Holdings Statistics by Sector (SHSS) dataset provides granular coverage generally above well 90 percent for each euro area country analyzed.
Decorrelating the Advice Layer: A Calibrated Fragility Metric and Tested Mitigations for Synchronized Liquidation in Agentic Wealth Management
In a March 2026 survey of 938 U.S. investors, 62% reported using AI tools for investment decisions, 22% used them to assist portfolio decisions, and 24% named "market herding" as a concern.
Thematic Review on Public Sector Backstop Funding Mechanisms: Peer Review Report
Only 4 (21%) of reviewed jurisdictions are fully compliant with KA 6, while 8 (42%) are materially non-compliant.
Eurofi Views Dublin
Mario Draghi estimated that the EU requires €1.2 trillion of annual investment to compete globally in an integrated market of 450 million people.
Regulatory Update Dublin - September 2026
Stock markets remained calm after the start of the conflict in Iran on February 28, 2026, with the S&P 500 gaining a maximum increase of 7% on May 10, 2026.
Banking Barometer 2026
In 2025, real growth of the Swiss economy reached 1.5%, remaining below its multi-year average.
Central Bank Exploration of Tokenized Reserves
The note categorizes single-ledger arrangements into 4 operating models: integration, distribution, separation, and permissionless.
Technology Solutions to Support Central Bank Digital Currency with Limited Connectivity: A Review of Existing Approaches
In a 2023 BIS survey, almost all surveyed central banks reported considering offline CBDC payments to be vital or advantageous.
Central Bank Digital Currency and Other Digital Payments in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Regional Survey
Thirty of the 33 central banks in sub-Saharan Africa responded to the regional survey on digital currencies and payments.
Implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies for Monetary Policy Transmission
According to a 2022 BIS survey, 93 percent of central banks are actively exploring CBDCs and 58 percent report being likely to or possibly issuing a retail CBDC in the short or medium term.
Capital Flow Management Measures in the Digital Age (2): Design Choices for Central Bank Digital Currency
Central banks are exploring retail and wholesale CBDCs to complement traditional cross-border payment rails and lower transfer costs.
How Should Central Banks Explore Central Bank Digital Currency? A Dynamic Decision-Making Framework
Central banks must develop a long-term vision for monetary and payment systems spanning a time horizon of at least 5 to 10 years as economic digitalization accelerates.
The Rise of Payment and Contracting Platforms
The IMF mandate is governed by the central banks and finance ministries of 190 member countries.
Institutional Arrangements for Fintech Regulation: Supervisory Monitoring
In Ghana, the growth of mobile money increased access to financial services for unbanked demographics, with 35 percent of adults in rural areas reporting having used the service between 2014 and 2017.
Taxing Stablecoins
Tether and USD Coin attempt to maintain a stable value by being purportedly backed one-for-one in value to underlying assets.
Digital Currencies and Energy Consumption
The global payment system is estimated to consume 47.3 TWh of energy annually, accounting for roughly 0.2 percent of total global electricity consumption.
Capital Flow Management Measures in the Digital Age: Challenges of Crypto Assets
Globally, the scale of crypto assets remains relatively small at $2–$3 trillion, or about 1 percent of total market value of financial assets.
Behind the Scenes of Central Bank Digital Currency: Emerging Trends, Insights, and Policy Lessons
In late 2021, the Central Bank of The Bahamas recorded around 20,000 active Sand Dollar wallets within a population of about 400,000.
Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms: A Primer for Supervisors
Bitcoin block rewards fell from 12.5 Bitcoins to 6.25 Bitcoins in May 2020.
Keeping Pace with Change: Fintech and the Evolution of Commercial Law
Fintech Note 2022/001 provides guidance on modernizing commercial law frameworks to accommodate technological innovation while mitigating legal risks.
Distributed Ledger Technology Experiments in Payments and Settlements
Central banks in Brazil, Canada, the Euro Area/Japan, Singapore, South Africa, and Thailand have conducted large-value interbank payment DLT experiments.