Central bank · 34 documents
In 2025, 86.5 per cent of Bulgarians aged 16 to 74 used the internet regularly, while internet banking usage remained significantly lower at 31.1 per cent.
According to international surveys by the Bank for International Settlements, about 70% of financial sector companies use AI for cash flow forecasting and risk assessment.
The report analyzes gender gaps in financial knowledge and behaviour across 20 EU Member States using 2022 OECD/INFE survey data.
The document establishes a distinction between voluntary payment digitalisation and forced cashlessness, evaluating welfare trade-offs across financial inclusion, privacy, and system resilience.
Deep-π* models trend inflation by mapping 122 macroeconomic indicators through neural networks into trend innovations, eliminating latent random-walk shocks and enabling exact Shapley attribution.
A Scopus bibliometric search conducted on 8 October 2026 retrieved 1,418 records, from which 1,045 were retained for critical analysis.
Empirical analysis of post-war US data demonstrates that government spending shocks financed with short-term debt yield significantly higher output multipliers than those financed with long-term debt, typically exceeding unity under short-term financing.
In May 2022, the International Monetary Fund increased the RMB's weight in the Special Drawing Rights basket from 10.92% to 12.28%.
The authors construct an index tracking the European Central Bank's perception of non-bank financial intermediaries using 2,830 speeches delivered between July 1998 and June 2024.
The empirical study analyzed Albania's digital banking ecosystem using quantitative data from a survey of 151 respondents and qualitative data from 15 semi-structured interviews.
The Securities Holdings Statistics by Sector (SHSS) dataset provides granular coverage generally above well 90 percent for each euro area country analyzed.
Headline inflation expectations were revised upward by 0.3 percentage points to 3.0% for 2026 and by 0.4 percentage points to 2.6% for 2027, while staying unchanged at 2.0% for 2028.
EUR bank bond supply is projected to reach €450bn in 2027, driven primarily by elevated redemptions across segments.
EIOPA issued a staff paper on 27 October 2026 introducing four building blocks to integrate behavioural science into conduct of business supervision.
Euro area banks reported a net tightening of credit standards for loans or credit lines to firms of 9% in the third quarter of 2026, up from 7% in the second quarter.
Unsecured interbank lending entails material regulatory costs, estimated at around 35 basis points for lenders in the second half of 2025.
As public attention to AI rose following the release of ChatGPT, banks lowered assessed default risk (PD) for borrowers in highly AI-exposed industries by about 5%.
A stocktake conducted by the FSB gathered 126 modernisation efforts from 24 jurisdictions and 3 SSBs across various financial sectors and entity types.
In 2025, large European companies invested EUR 512 billion in green and transition assets, representing 21% of overall corporate investment in the European Union.
Mario Draghi estimated that the EU requires €1.2 trillion of annual investment to compete globally in an integrated market of 450 million people.
Stock markets remained calm after the start of the conflict in Iran on February 28, 2026, with the S&P 500 gaining a maximum increase of 7% on May 10, 2026.
The aggregate monetary base of OECD countries increased from $2.5 trillion in 2000 to a peak of $25 trillion in March 2022.
Between 2008 and 2025, real GDP in the Eurozone grew at an average annual rate of just 0.9%, resulting in a 16.9% cumulative increase, while the US economy grew by 40.5% over the same period.
In 2025, real growth of the Swiss economy reached 1.5%, remaining below its multi-year average.
Europe requires an estimated additional annual investment of approximately €1.4 trillion, equivalent to around 7% of GDP, to finance its growth, digital, energy, defence, and transition goals.
If digital currencies continue to gain traction, up to $13 trillion in transaction value could shift to alternative payment methods by 2030, putting an estimated $13 billion in payment fees at risk.
The note categorizes single-ledger arrangements into 4 operating models: integration, distribution, separation, and permissionless.
Over 90 percent of surveyed central banks are engaged in some form of CBDC work, with more than half involved in experiments or pilot projects.
In 2024, Swiss real gross domestic product (GDP) growth slowed to 1,0 %, while the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) forecasts a slight recovery to 1,3 % for 2025.
In a 2023 BIS survey, almost all surveyed central banks reported considering offline CBDC payments to be vital or advantageous.
In Nigeria, 98.5 percent of eNaira wallets remained unused one year after launch.
Over 100 central banks around the globe are exploring central bank digital currencies to modernize payment systems.
Central banks must develop a long-term vision for monetary and payment systems spanning a time horizon of at least 5 to 10 years as economic digitalization accelerates.
Central banks in Brazil, Canada, the Euro Area/Japan, Singapore, South Africa, and Thailand have conducted large-value interbank payment DLT experiments.
