Technology, Regulation, and the Divergent Trajectories of Retail and Cross-Border Central Bank Digital Currency
A Scopus bibliometric search conducted on 8 October 2026 retrieved 1,418 records, from which 1,045 were retained for critical analysis.
Sand Dollar
Product · BA · 5 documents
Key number
91 per cent
Share of central banks exploring CBDC in 2024 BIS survey. OpenAlex (recherche mondiale) p.1
Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption: Inclusive Strategies for Intermediaries and Users
In Nigeria, 98.5 percent of eNaira wallets remained unused one year after launch.
Central Bank Digital Currency's Role in Promoting Financial Inclusion
Financial inclusion is a top priority, with about 60 percent of emerging and low-income countries considering it one of their top three motivations for issuing a retail CBDC.
How Should Central Banks Explore Central Bank Digital Currency? A Dynamic Decision-Making Framework
Central banks must develop a long-term vision for monetary and payment systems spanning a time horizon of at least 5 to 10 years as economic digitalization accelerates.
Behind the Scenes of Central Bank Digital Currency: Emerging Trends, Insights, and Policy Lessons
In late 2021, the Central Bank of The Bahamas recorded around 20,000 active Sand Dollar wallets within a population of about 400,000.